Literal: Disability Studies Journal
type: channel
description: JOURNAL SUMMARY Journal title Literal: Disability Studies Journal Frequency 2 issues per year (April and October) Online ISSN 3024-9600 registered in the ISSN International Centre DOI Prefix : 10.62385 Crossref Editor-in-chief Muhaimi Mughni Prayogo Publisher CV. Piramida Akademi Citation Analysis Google Scholar | Garuda | Dimensions Literal: Disability Studies Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles in the field of disability studies that aim to encourage an inclusive society. The scope of this journal includes various efforts in developing potential and improving the quality of services for disabilities which consist of Special and Inclusive Education, Psychological treatment for the disability, Guidance and Counseling for Children with Special Needs, Empowerment of families with disabilities, Vocational education and the world of work with disabilities, Accessibility, Collaboration of educational institutions - families - communities, Assistive Technology. This journal is published by PIRAMIDA AKADEMI The journal is free and published in online versions twice a year (April & October). The online version is free to access and download. This journal has collaboration with Plaza Informasi Pendidikan Luar Biasa for journal management and promotion. Contact the editor via +6281393275959 for further information. The following links are important for authors: Author Guidelines | Literal: Disability Studies Journal | TEMPLATE JURNAL LITERAL - Google Drive situs toto angkaraja toto
publisher: Piramida Akademi
language: en
publication name: Literal: Disability Studies Journal
issn: 3024-9600
copyright: Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
items: Analisis Kemampuan Berhitung Anak Autis melalui Penggunaan Puzzle Angka di Permata Diakonia
items: Model Pembelajaran Multisensori sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kemandirian Toilet Training bagi Anak MDVI (Multiple Disability With Visual Impairtment)
items: Development of a screening tool for reading readiness and early literacy skills in elementary students: mapping reading challenges and support practices
items: Efektivitas program kemandirian harian terstruktur terhadap peningkatan keterampilan merawat diri Anak Hambatan Intelektual
items: Penggunaan Al-Qur’an Braille untuk siswa tunanetra di SLB A Negeri 3 Martapura
items: Pengembangan teknologi asistif aplikasi “I WANT…” untuk anak hambatan intelektual
items: Peran orang tua terhadap perkembangan bahasa anak tunarungu
items: Effects of family instability on child development and youth migration trends in Onitsha South local government area, Anambra State, Nigeria
items: Penerapan NVDA berbasis metode SAS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan Braille bagi anak tunanetra di SLB Negeri 01 Bantul
items: KASULI “Kafe Susu Tuli” sebagai inovasi wadah habilitasi dan pemberdayaan ekonomi penyandang Tuli di Yogyakarta
items: Analisis kebutuhan alat peraga edukatif di Sekolah Luar Biasa
items: Upaya guru dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan komunikasi anak dengan Speech Delay di TK Nurul Bilad
items: Penerapan Metode Tri-N dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berbasis PjBL untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA
items: Manajemen pembelajaran siswa dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) di SLB Samara Bunda Yogyakarta
items: In House Training peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan vokasional di SLB Negeri Rembang
items: Sikap masyarakat terhadap penyandang disabilitas: faktor jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan
items: Meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal pecahan pada anak tunagrahita melalui metode Guided Discovery
items: Upaya guru dalam mengelola perilaku hiperaktif di Kelas: studi deskriptif kualitatif
items: Program pembelajaran bagi peserta didik autis di Raudhatul Athfal Maestro NU Purbalingga
items: Peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa melalui pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran Google-Sites
items: Kualitas hidup orang tua yang memiliki anak Down Syndrome berdasarkan konsep Family Quality of Life (FQOL)
items: Pelaksanaan pembelajaran keterampilan vokasional bagi siswa autis di masa Pandemi Covid-19
items: Program pembelajaran bagi siswa dengan ADHD di SDN Rejowinangun Yogyakarta
items: Dampak penerapan adaptasi kurikulum pada perubahan sikap siswa dalam aspek kerja sama dan partisipasi di sekolah inklusif
items: Penerapan Isyarat Huruf Hijaiyyah dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an bagi anak tunarungu
items: Eksplorasi media Balok Dienes dalam mengakomodasi keberagaman siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika di sekolah dasar
items: Pengaruh permainan Uno Card berbasis Matematika terhadap kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan 1-10 pada anak tunagrahita ringan kelas III SLB Bangun Putra Kasihan
items: Peningkatan kapasitas guru SD di Kecamatan Bambanglipuro dalam akomodasi siswa berkebutuhan khusus
items: Implementasi program pendidikan inklusif bagi siswa tunagrahita di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Garut Jawa Barat
items: Upaya Meningkatan Kapasitas Guru dalam Melakukan Asessmen di SLB Melalui Kegiatan Workshop

Analisis Kemampuan Berhitung Anak Autis melalui Penggunaan Puzzle Angka di Permata Diakonia
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description: Numeracy is a fundamental competency essential for every child, including children with autism. In learning, autistic children tend to have difficulty understanding number concepts, especially when the material is presented abstractly. Therefore, concrete and engaging learning media are needed to facilitate comprehension. This study aims to assess the numeracy skills of autistic children through the use of number puzzle s in learning activities. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study approach. The research subjects consisted of one autistic child and one teacher as informants. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed an increase in numeracy skills in children, characterized by the ability to recognize numbers, name numbers, and arrange number sequences, although this was not yet consistent. The use of number puzzle s increased children's engagement and attention and helped them understand number concepts more concretely. The teacher's role in providing guidance and support also contributed to the success of the learning process. Future research is recommended to involve more subjects and develop a variety of learning media to provide more comprehensive results.
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creator: Hotmaida Sitopu
creator: Natalina Purba
creator: Hetdy Sitio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hotmaida Sitopu, Natalina Purba, Hetdy Sitio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.62385/literal.v4i01.260

Model Pembelajaran Multisensori sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kemandirian Toilet Training bagi Anak MDVI (Multiple Disability With Visual Impairtment)
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description: This study aims to determine the effect of the multisensory learning model on improving toilet training independence in children with Multiple Disability with Visual Impairment (MDVI). The research applied a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of two third-grade MDVI children at SKH Bina Citra Anak, Serang, Banten. The instrument used was an observation sheet including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor indicators to assess the children's level of independence in toilet training activities. The intervention involved applying the multisensory learning model in five sessions over three weeks. This model incorporated various sensory stimulations such as tactile, auditory, kinesthetic, and concrete visual aids tailored to the characteristics of MDVI children. Pre-test results indicated that the children's toilet training independence was still low (R = 50%, WD = 40%). After the intervention, post-test results improved to 75% for subject R and 60% for subject WD. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed T count = 0 and T table = 0 at a significance level of 0.05, indicating that H₀ is rejected and Hₐ is accepted. This proves that the multisensory learning model has a significant effect on enhancing toilet training independence in children with MDVI. Multisensory-based instruction effectively supports children's understanding and skills in carrying out daily living activities independently.
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creator: Chindy Innayah
creator: Sayidatul Maslahah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chindy Innayah, Sayidatul Maslahah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 9
ending page: 19
doi: 10.62385/literal.v4i01.242

Development of a screening tool for reading readiness and early literacy skills in elementary students: mapping reading challenges and support practices
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description: Early reading readiness plays a critical role in children’s academic development, yet many students in Indonesia continue to face challenges in acquiring foundational literacy skills. This study aims to map early reading readiness and reading difficulties among children in preschool to Grade 2 in the Thousand Islands, representing the initial stage of developing a contextually appropriate early literacy screening tool. A total of 309 parents and 48 teachers participated using purposive sampling. Data were collected through parent and teacher questionnaires, whose reliability values improved after item refinement (parents: 0.496 → 0.605; teachers: 0.395 → 0.619). Quantitative results revealed several key findings: 76.7% of households lacked dedicated reading spaces, 51.4% of children were not yet reading independently, and 68.7% of Grade 1 students entered school unable to read. Teachers reported high proportions of decoding (72.9%) and comprehension difficulties (58.3%), with comprehension problems being the most frequently identified (total 196 cases). These findings align with the Simple View of Reading and Scarborough’s Reading Rope, indicating that weaknesses in phonemic awareness, decoding, and language comprehension form the core of early reading challenges in this region. The study’s implications highlight the urgent need for an early literacy screening tool that integrates environmental factors, instructional variability, and children’s foundational skills. Such a tool can support early identification and targeted intervention, particularly in geographically unique regions like the Thousand Islands. However, the study is limited by its regional specificity, use of self-report data, and the exploratory nature of the instruments. Future research should expand to multiple regions, incorporate direct child assessments, and involve external expert validation to strengthen the tool development process.
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creator: Deden Mulyadi
creator: Adi Adinugroho
creator: Patricia Lestari Taslim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Deden Mulyadi, Adi Adinugroho , Patricia Lestari Taslim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 67
ending page: 76
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i02.224

Efektivitas program kemandirian harian terstruktur terhadap peningkatan keterampilan merawat diri Anak Hambatan Intelektual
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description: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a structured daily independence program in improving self-care skills among students with intellectual disabilities living in the dormitory of SLB Negeri Pembina Yogyakarta. The research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest. The participants were 10 students with intellectual disabilities aged 12–17 years. The research instrument was developed based on the adaptive behavior domains of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), focusing on five aspects of self-care skills: mopping the floor, sweeping the floor, washing hair, ironing clothes, and doing laundry. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation, and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test at a significance level of 0.05. The findings revealed a significant improvement in all aspects of self-care skills after the implementation of the structured daily independence program. This was evidenced by the calculated Thitung values being greater than the Ttabel values, and Zhitung > Ztabel (1.96) for all tested skills. Therefore, the structured daily independence program was proven effective in enhancing the independence of students with intellectual disabilities in the dormitory.
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creator: Hardiyanti Purna Pratiwi
creator: Nabila Ramadhani
creator: Briani Wikan Nareswara
creator: Ernisa Purwandari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hardiyanti Purna Pratiwi, Nabila Ramadhani, Briani Wikan Nareswara, Ernisa Purwandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 55
ending page: 66
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i02.221

Penggunaan Al-Qur’an Braille untuk siswa tunanetra di SLB A Negeri 3 Martapura
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description: This study explores the implementation of Braille Qur’an learning for visually impaired students at SLB A Negeri 3 Martapura. Using a qualitative field research approach, the study examines teaching methods, learning processes, and student responses. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed used Miles & Huberman stages. Validation of the data involved resources triangulations and member checking. The findings reveal that Qur’anic learning at the elementary level is focused on the introduction of hijaiyah letters using a kinesthetic method, especially through hand gestures representing Braille codes. This method enhances students’ memory and comprehension. Despite challenges such as the complexity of Arabic Braille codes and limited access to digital Braille resources, teachers adopt adaptive strategies like combining Braille reading with audio materials and educational games. These efforts foster an inclusive and engaging learning environment. The study highlights the need for digital Braille Qur’an development and structured teacher training to ensure equitable religious education access for blind students in rural areas.
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creator: Dara Puspita Loka
creator: Miffah Khadijah
creator: Ahmad Zaini
creator: Najib Irsyadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dara Puspita Loka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 77
ending page: 87
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i02.200

Pengembangan teknologi asistif aplikasi “I WANT…” untuk anak hambatan intelektual
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description: The high-tech Android-based application titled “I WANT..” as an assistive technology is expected to help children with intellectual disabilities convey their wishes to teachers and families, while evaluating its effectiveness in improving nonverbal communication and reducing the frequency of tantrums. This study utilized ADDIE model to develop the application. The application is designed using an approach that involves teachers, parents, and a student with intellectual disabillity (MA) in every stage of the design. The application displays daily activity icons (eating, drinking, studying, etc.) which when selected produce sound output. The “IWANT..” application is expected to be effective as a high-tech assistive technology in improving communication and reducing tantrum behavior in students with intellectual disabilities. This Android technology design can be expected to be used as a model for similar interventions in other special needs populations.
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creator: Effran Zudeta
creator: Annisa
creator: Ulfy Marsyah
creator: Elvira Khori Ulni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Effran Zudeta, Annisa, Ulfy Marsyah, Elvira Khori Ulni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-14
publication date: 2025-05-14
starting page: 44
ending page: 54
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i01.183

Peran orang tua terhadap perkembangan bahasa anak tunarungu
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description: The language development of deaf children requires a structured approach, early intervention, and support from the family. The subjects in this study are parents of deaf children who experience delayed language development. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. Data obtained from interviews were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The interview results indicate that parent plays a crucial role in supporting the language development of deaf children. Parents act as companions, facilitators, and also as friends who understand and support one another. Parents hope to their deaf children future is discussed further in this article.
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creator: Latifah Puti Indani
creator: Ana Rafikayati
creator: Ulfa Dalila
creator: Fika Puji Lestari
creator: Rahayu Nina Sugiarti
creator: Delfi Harlina Natasya Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Latifah Puti Indani, Ana Rafikayati, Ulfa Dalila, Fika Puji Lestari, Rahayu Nina Sugiarti, Delfi Harlina Natasya Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-11
publication date: 2025-04-11
starting page: 27
ending page: 33
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i01.163

Effects of family instability on child development and youth migration trends in Onitsha South local government area, Anambra State, Nigeria
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description: Family stability is a cornerstone of societal development, providing children and youths with the emotional, social, and economic support needed to thrive. However, in Nigeria, the increasing prevalence of family instability has raised significant concerns about its implications on child development and youth migration trends. This study investigates the implications of family instability on child upbringing and its subsequent impact on youth migration in Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design, gathering quantitative data via a 31-item, self-made questionnaire validated by three specialists. Conducted among 160 secondary school teachers in Onitsha South L.G.A., the survey focused on family instability, child upbringing, and youth migration. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Findings reveal diverse causes of family instability, including economic challenges, poor financial management, parental interferences, and extramarital affairs. The study explores the effects of family instability on children's behaviors, psychological well-being, and academic performance. Recommendations for mitigating these challenges encompass professional counseling, parental education, community support, and awareness campaigns. The study emphasizes the interconnectedness of behavioral, psychological, and health-related consequences, urging a comprehensive approach to address the complex issues associated with family instability and youth migration in Nigeria.
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creator: Chike Roseline Nneka
creator: Nwamaka Nneka Bob-Eze
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chike Roseline Nneka, Nwamaka Nneka Bob-Eze https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-23
publication date: 2025-02-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i01.169

Penerapan NVDA berbasis metode SAS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan Braille bagi anak tunanetra di SLB Negeri 01 Bantul
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description: The aim of this study is to determine the application of NVDA based on the SAS method in improving Braille initial reading ability for visually impaired children at SLB Negeri 01 Bantul. The problem is that there are two blind subjects who cannot read Braille fluently because they lack focus, lack motivation to learn, and have low fine motor skills. This study used a talking computer that has been installed with NVDA software and the SAS method. The application of NVDA software based on the SAS method aims to improve the ability to read Braille for visually impaired children. This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experiment method. The design of this study utilized one group pretest and posttest design. All of visually impaired students in grade 3 elementary school at SLB Negeri 01 Bantul were defined as the population. Data collection techniques were carried out using pretest and posttest. The data analysis in this study used descriptive statistical methods and non-parametric analysis techniques. To test the hypothesis, this study used the Wilcoxon test and for the normality test, used the kolmogorov smirnov test. Based on the results obtained, there is a difference between the sscores of the pretest and posttest results which is shown from the average score so that it can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of NVDA software based on the SAS method to improve the ability to read Braille for visually impaired children.
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creator: Tri Rizki Wahyu Djari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tri Rizki Wahyu Djari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-26
publication date: 2025-02-26
starting page: 12
ending page: 26
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i01.161

KASULI “Kafe Susu Tuli” sebagai inovasi wadah habilitasi dan pemberdayaan ekonomi penyandang Tuli di Yogyakarta
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description: Equal employment opportunities for persons with disabilities, particularly the Deaf community, remain a persistent challenge in Indonesia. Social stigma and lack of access to inclusive work environments often hinder their ability to fully develop their potential. This study aims to explore how KASULI (Kafe Susu Tuli), a social enterprise based in Yogyakarta, promotes economic independence while raising public awareness on the importance of inclusion. Employing a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, data were collected through direct interviews with the founder of KASULI, a Deaf individual. The findings reveal that KASULI functions not only as a business enterprise but also as a space for education and social interaction between the general public and the Deaf community. This initiative has proven effective in reducing stigma, boosting self-confidence among Deaf individuals, and inspiring the development of similar inclusive businesses in other regions. These findings emphasize the importance of community support and awareness in fostering a disability-inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem.
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creator: Wanodya Prabaning Widhi Hastuti
creator: Safura Az-Zahroh
creator: Novia Rahma Hastuti
creator: Nur Rifda Dinnajah
creator: Uzwa As'ari Alawi
creator: Ana Rafikayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Wanodya Prabaning Widhi Hastuti, Safura Az-Zahroh, Novia Rahma Hastuti, Nur Rifda Dinnajah, Uzwa As'ari Alawi, Ana Rafikayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-18
publication date: 2025-04-18
starting page: 34
ending page: 43
doi: 10.62385/literal.v3i01.160

Analisis kebutuhan alat peraga edukatif di Sekolah Luar Biasa
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description: This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with the aim of exploring an in-depth understanding of the use of educational aids (APE) in special schools (SLB) in Yogyakarta Special Region. This study involved 70 special education teachers with diverse educational backgrounds and teaching experiences. Interviews and observations were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using needs analysis techniques to identify the specific needs and preferences of students with special needs in the context of learning. The results showed that APE has an important role in supporting the learning of students with special needs. Although some SLBs have allocated funds for the purchase of APE and implemented policies related to its use, there are still challenges in terms of availability, compatibility with students' specific needs, and maintenance of existing APE. Different types of specific barriers, such as visual, hearing, intellectual, physical, emotional and behavioral barriers, require different approaches in the development and use of APE. For example, for students with visual impairments, APE should optimize the use of the senses of touch and hearing, while for students with emotional and behavioral impairments, APE should focus on developing positive behaviors and managing emotions.
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creator: Ishartiwi Ishartiwi
creator: Rendy Roos Handoyo
creator: Dewi Barotut Taqiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Dewi Barotut Taqiyah, Ishartiwi Ishartiwi, Rendy Roos Handoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-21
publication date: 2024-10-21
starting page: 87
ending page: 96
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i02.149

Upaya guru dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan komunikasi anak dengan Speech Delay di TK Nurul Bilad
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description: Speech delays can hinder children's social interaction and emotional development, making teacher intervention essential. Through a qualitative research approach, this study reveals teachers' strategies for developing communication in children with speech delay at the early childhood education level. The subjects in this study amounted to 3 children aged 5 years. The research was conducted at Nurul Bilad Kindergarten for 12 months. Data were collected using observation, interview and documentation study techniques. Data analysis used the stages of Miles & Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured by researcher persistence, member check, and triangulation. The results of the study showed that the active involvement of teachers in monitoring and supporting children's communication processes not only improved their speaking skills, but also increased their self-confidence and social interaction. Data triangulation used multiple data sources including interviews, documents and observations to verify the information. Thus, the role of teachers is crucial in helping children with speech delay to adapt and thrive in their social context. The findings are expected to provide insights for educators and parents in supporting children's communication development.
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creator: Puja Ayunda
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Puja Ayunda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-18
publication date: 2024-10-18
starting page: 79
ending page: 86
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i02.151

Penerapan Metode Tri-N dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berbasis PjBL untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA
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description: The students' low science learning outcomes indicated that the learning quality was still inadequate. It underlies this study to increase the science learning outcomes through the implementation of differentiated learning and Tri-N (niteni, nirokke, nambahi) using the PjBL model with card media. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method of the Kemmis and Taggart model, consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in two cycles. 32 students of class VIII A of SMP N 1 Bantul were the subjects of this study. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes. At the pre-cycle stage, the overall completion percentage was only 41% with an average score of 70.31. After the first cycle implementation, the completion percentage increased to 63% with an average score of 75.83. Further improvement occurred in the second cycle, where the overall completion percentage reached 91% with an average score of 85.31. These results indicate that the applied learning method is effective in improving students' science learning outcomes and provides important implications for improving the quality of learning in class VIII A of SMP N 1 Bantul.
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creator: Rizki Damajatu Trinaini
creator: Adhi Kusuma
creator: Nevo Santosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rizki Damajatu Trinaini, Adhi Kusuma, Nevo Santosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-10
publication date: 2024-10-10
starting page: 66
ending page: 78
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i02.135

Manajemen pembelajaran siswa dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) di SLB Samara Bunda Yogyakarta
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description: This study aims to determine the implementation of learning management students who have autistic disorders that include planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating for children with autistic disorders in Samara Bunda SLB Yogyakarta. Supporting factors and inhibitors in the implementation of learning for students who experience autistic disorders in Samara Bunda SLB Yogyakarta. The results of the ability of students who experience autism disorders after getting learning at Samara Bunda Yogyakarta SLB, this study uses a qualitative approach, the data sources in this study include the principal, vice principal of the affairs of Curriculum, Studentism, Advice and Infrastructure, class teacher, school committee, people old students, and documents, the main instrument in this study is the researcher. Learning management for students with autistic disorders consists of 1). Learning planning, 2). Organizing learning, 3). Implementation of learning, 4). Evaluation of learning. Students' ability as a result of participating in learning programs at Samara Bunda SLB is that students become emotionally stable, independent, confident, concentrated, child behavior becomes more controlled, social communication skills are increased, skilled and capable. Factors that support the learning of students with autistic disorders in Samara Bunda SLB are good and directed student abilities, good cooperation between the school and parents / guardians, good cooperation between schools, the government, stakeholders and observers of education in students with autism disorders , availability of facilities and infrastructure, adequate funding, and experts. The inhibiting factors in achieving learning goals are the students' initial abilities that have not been good, not directed, and behaviors that cannot be controlled, the absence of continuity between teachers and parents
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creator: Subarji Subarji
creator: Mulyoto Mulyoto
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Subarji Subarji, Mulyoto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-29
publication date: 2024-04-29
starting page: 36
ending page: 44
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i01.119

In House Training peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan vokasional di SLB Negeri Rembang
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description: The independence of students with special needs in the future is prepared through vocational education. Teacher competency in carrying out vocational education needs to be improved so that the quality of educational services can be better. Through a qualitative approach, this research aims to present an objective picture regarding the implementation of increasing teacher competency in providing vocational education in Rembang State Special Schools. Based on the purposive sampling technique, the informants were eight class teachers who also served as vocational teachers, consisting of three men and five women. Data collection was carried out in November 2023. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validation uses member check techniques, triangulation techniques, and researcher persistence. Data were analyzed through inductive analysis which consists of data reduction, data display, and concluding. The results of this research indicate that training is still needed for teachers in special schools to develop vocational education programs for students with special needs involving various approaches.
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creator: Puput Fajar Widyaningrum
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Puput Fajar Widyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-02
publication date: 2024-04-02
starting page: 89
ending page: 97
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i02.94

Sikap masyarakat terhadap penyandang disabilitas: faktor jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan
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description: The presence of people with disability in society is part of the society itself, so the involvement of them in community life needs attention from those around them. This study analyze the attitudes of society towards people with disability. A total of 69 respondents completed a sentiment scale questionnaire, with the highest score indicating a negative attitude towards people with disability. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions with a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics (Spearman correlation coefficient) and multiple regression analysis. The results show that the general attitude of society towards people with disability is positive (M = 2.50). Age and level of education variables show an inverse correlation, indicating that as age and education level of the society increase, the attitude towards disability people also increases. Females have a more positive attitude towards people with disability compared to males.
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creator: Amaliah Amaliah
creator: Karlina Dieka Rasnah
creator: Ratu Indah Rachmayanti
creator: Najib Hibatullah
creator: Siti Musayaroh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Amaliah Amaliah, Karlina Dieka Rasnah, Ratu Indah Rachmayanti, Najib Hibatullah, Siti Musayaroh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-25
publication date: 2024-04-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i01.104

Meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal pecahan pada anak tunagrahita melalui metode Guided Discovery
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description: This research is motivated by the issues in SLB N 1 Padang concerning students in class VIII C who have low learning outcomes in understanding fractions. The assessment results found that students have difficulty understanding fractions, thus requiring a method to teach fractions, namely the Guided Learning method. This research aims to improve the process and learning outcomes of understanding fractions through the Guided Learning Method. The research method used is Classroom Action Research with qualitative data analysis. This research was conducted at SLBN 1 Padang with subjects being intellectually disabled children totaling 4 students in class VIII C. Based on the research results, the Guided Learning Method can improve the ability to understand fractions. This is evident from the increased learning outcomes of students in each cycle. This guided learning method could increase participation in learning and help students understand the material well because the teacher guides them at each stage of learning.
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creator: Sri Riska Ade Permana Sari
creator: Nurhastuti Nurhastuti
creator: Fitriani Fitriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Riska Ade Permana SARI, Nurhastuti Nurhastuti, Fitriani Fitriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-26
publication date: 2024-04-26
starting page: 9
ending page: 15
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i01.101

Upaya guru dalam mengelola perilaku hiperaktif di Kelas: studi deskriptif kualitatif
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description: This research is motivated by the existence of hyperactive behavior that still exists in elementary schools. This is where the role of teachers in learning hyperactive children is very necessary. The aim of this research is to describe the behavior of hyperactive children, teachers' efforts in guiding hyperactive children and the obstacles faced in guiding hyperactive children. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, namely research that attempts to describe symptoms, events, events that have occurred. The data sources for this research are class teachers, classmates, hyperactive children. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis starting from data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result shows that the behavioral characteristics of hyperactive children at SD Negeri 3 Kotagede include not being able to stay still, often throwing tantrums, not paying attention to teachers, often disturbing friends, and being easily distracted. The efforts made by teachers in dealing with hyperactive children at SD Negeri 3 Kotagede are that when they are concentrating the teacher will help the student's learning and continue to monitor them. When learning, the teacher applies cooperative learning strategies, namely in groups. Further studies are needed to find the best method to overcome the negative impact of hyperactivity in elementary schools.
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creator: Radhyka Putra Nugraha
creator: Amanati Wikansari
creator: Shevi Amrilla Dewanti
creator: Delia Eka Anggraeni
creator: Sidig Nur Prabowo
creator: Sri Haningsih
creator: Farhan Alul Qurdani
creator: Suko Nur Hanifah
creator: Dhea Ramadhani
creator: Sari Ernawati
creator: Feny Theresia Manungsong
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Radhyka Putra Nugraha, Amanati Wikansari, Shevi Amrilla Dewanti, Delia Eka Anggraeni, Sidig Nur Prabowo, Sri Haningsih, Farhan Alul Qurdani, Suko Nur Hanifah, Dhea Ramadhani, Sari Ernawati, Feny Theresia Manungsong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-26
publication date: 2024-04-26
starting page: 16
ending page: 26
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i01.106

Program pembelajaran bagi peserta didik autis di Raudhatul Athfal Maestro NU Purbalingga
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description: The study conducted at Raudhatul Athfal NU Maestro Purbalingga outlines the learning program for autistic students in group A as well as the problems faced by teachers in the 2022/2023 school year. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study consisted of a class teacher and a group A student who had been detected as autistic. Data collection was done through interviews and observations. The data obtained was tested for validity by increasing persistence, triangulation, and using reference materials. Data analysis techniques were carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Without special preparation, autistic students joined their classmates. Teachers use various learning approaches, such as games and movements, and adjust their schedules accordingly. Due to limited electronic means, learning media is more traditional. Standardized adjustments for autistic children are used to conduct holistic evaluations. The absence of special preparation, the absence of a dedicated space, and the difficulty of handling and evaluating autistic students, which interferes with the overall learning process, are the main obstacles.
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creator: Muayyadah Muayyadah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muayyadah Muayyadah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-29
publication date: 2024-04-29
starting page: 27
ending page: 35
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i01.120

Peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa melalui pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran Google-Sites
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description: Although differentiated learning has been recognized as an effective approach to meeting diverse learning needs in the classroom, it is challenging to use learning media that are interesting and efficient for all students, as is found by teachers. This study explores the impact of using Google Sites learning media in increasing students' learning motivation through a differentiated approach in the classroom. This research was conducted as classroom action research involving the students of Class VII A in SMP Negeri 9 Yogyakarta. This study was undertaken within two cycles, in which every cycle had stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection methods included observation, interview, and analysis of learning outcomes. The results showed a significant increase in students' learning motivation after implementing the differentiation approach by using Google sites as learning media. The practical implication of this study is that using technology in learning differentiation can increase students' participation and overall interest in learning.
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creator: Damai Rahmat Raharjo
creator: Agustina Sri Purnami
creator: Sarif Bukhori
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Damai Rahmat Raharjo, Agustina Sri Purnami , Sarif Bukhori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 56
ending page: 65
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i02.136

Kualitas hidup orang tua yang memiliki anak Down Syndrome berdasarkan konsep Family Quality of Life (FQOL)
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description: This research is motivated by parents who have children with Down syndrome and have a low quality of life. The aim of this study is to understand the objective conditions of parents based on nine aspects of family quality of life. The research approach used is qualitative. The subjects of this study are three pairs of parents with children who have Down syndrome attending a special school (SLB) in Bandung City, aged between 35-45 years. The researcher collected data through observation, interviews, and document studies. The analysis conducted in this study involved data reduction, data display, and data verification. To ensure data validity, source triangulation was used. The results of this study indicate differences in conditions between fathers and mothers who have children with Down syndrome, where fathers do not experience much stress because they believe that the primary caregiving role falls to mothers. However, the stressors include increased financial needs and concerns about their child's future. In contrast, mothers experience a relatively high level of stress due to their child's limited abilities, which creates difficulties for them, including challenges in accessing appropriate healthcare services for their child. This research can serve as a foundation for future studies aimed at developing programs for parents with children with Down syndrome.
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creator: Seliana Dwi Rahmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Seliana Dwi Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 45
ending page: 55
doi: 10.62385/literal.v2i02.134

Pelaksanaan pembelajaran keterampilan vokasional bagi siswa autis di masa Pandemi Covid-19
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description: Abstract: The research describes the implementation of vocational learning to make salted eggs: (1) observing other programs and environmental collaboration, (2) adapting the program to the basic competencies of other subjects, (3) involving students in program planning, (4) linking the program with real-world experiences, (5) adapting pre-vocational materials to the real world, (6) research-based vocational learning methods, (7) integrating programs with the school community, and (8) real-world authentic strengthening during school visit activities at Autisma Dian Amanah Yogyakarta SLB during the COVID pandemic -19. This research uses a qualitative case study approach. The research subjects were one vocational supervisor for making salted eggs and two autistic students who took part in the program. Data collection includes interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques by condensing and presenting data, as well as drawing conclusions. The results showed: (1) the determination of the program was carried out only through collaboration between parties inside and outside the school, observation was not yet possible, (2) the program was adjusted to the basic competencies of other subjects, (3) the choices, interests and strengths of students were involved in planning, ( 4) teaching academic skills; functional writing, reading, and arithmetic are not yet consistent, teaching vocational skills; money management has not been carried out because of students' abilities, vocational communication has been carried out, decision-making abilities have not been fully carried out, and performance in routine work functions related to making salted eggs has been carried out, (5) teaching of filling out forms and job interviews has not been carried out, (6) research-based learning methods in the form of teacher's past experience and application of methods from year to year, (7) the program is integrated with teachers, principals, administrative staff, parents, an…
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creator: Ulfa Alfiyati
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 LITERAL: Disability Studies Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-04-06
publication date: 2023-04-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i01.17

Program pembelajaran bagi siswa dengan ADHD di SDN Rejowinangun Yogyakarta
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description: This study aims to obtain an overview of the learning program for students with ADHD at Rejowinangun Elementary School in the 2020/2021 academic year. This descriptive qualitative research had subjects consisted of a class teacher and a student who had been diagnosed with ADHD. Data was collected through interviews and observation. The data validity was conducted by increasing persistence, triangulation, and using reference materials. Data analysis techniques was carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study illustrate that it needs to carry out further studies regarding efforts to overcome various problems of teacher capacity in designing appropriate learning for students in inclusive schools, dealing with behavioral problems, and establishing cooperation with parents/guardians as a support system for children's success. Further research is still needed with more subjects and locations by other researchers in order to get a more in-depth study of learning practices for students with ADHD in inclusive schools.
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creator: Fera Novami
creator: Bima Prakoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Fera Novami, Bima Prakoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-06-02
publication date: 2023-06-02
starting page: 14
ending page: 22
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i01.22

Dampak penerapan adaptasi kurikulum pada perubahan sikap siswa dalam aspek kerja sama dan partisipasi di sekolah inklusif
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description: Setiap anak pada dasarnya memiliki karakteristik dan kebutuhan belajar yang berbeda-beda. Namun, sering kali guru menganggap semua anak itu sama. Penelitian ini secara deskriptif bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dampak dari penerapan adaptasi kurikulum terhadap perubahan sikap siswa dalam aspek kerja sama dan partisipasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik pemilihan subjek purposive sampling. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah guru kelas VI dan tiga siswa kelas VI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model adaptasi kurikulum telah diterapkan di SDN Demakijo II, dengan melakukan akomodasi berupa pemilihan metode pembelajaran, setting tempat, dan penggunaan dokter untuk modifikasi berupa penurunan indikator dan pemberian soal yang berbeda-beda ketika ulangan harian. Hal tersebut berdampak positif teerhadap kerja sama dan partisipasi siswa yang mana dengan akomodasi dan modifikasi yang dipilih dapat meningkatkan kerja sama dan partisipasi siswa. Dalam proses pembelajaran siswa berperan aktif dengan berdiskusi, saling bantu, bertanya, dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu guru mengetahui kemampuan dan potensi masing-masing anak sehingga dapat memperoleh layanan yang sesuai dengan karakteristik dan kebutuhan belajarnya sehingga dapat meningkatkan kerja sama dan partisipasi anak dalam proses pembelajaran.
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creator: Aulia Sulthon Wiji Pasha
creator: Dinar Westri Andini
creator: Dyan Indah Purnama Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Aulia Sulthon Wiji Pasha, Dinar Westri Andini, Dyan Indah Purnama Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-06-08
publication date: 2023-06-08
starting page: 23
ending page: 31
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i01.27

Penerapan Isyarat Huruf Hijaiyyah dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an bagi anak tunarungu
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description: This study intends to describe the implementation of learning techniques "Hijaiyyah letter signs" to improve the reading ability of the Qur'an for children with hearing loss. Hijaiyyah letter signs are very helpful for deaf children who have hearing impairments in improving their ability to read the Qur'an. A descriptive qualitative research approach was used in this study. In this study, observation, interviews, and documentation were used as data collection methods. To ensure the correctness and validity of the data, the analytical method in this study uses data triangulation, namely checking the consistency between the results of interview data, observation data, and documentation data. Before applying Hijaiyyah letter cues, the ability of deaf children to read the Qur'an showed an average value of 52.45, after applying Hijaiyyah letter cues, the ability to read Al-Qur'an showed an average value of 79.85. This leads to the conclusion that the use of Hijaiyyah sign language has a significant positive impact on the ability of deaf children to read the Qur'an.
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creator: Nurdyansyah Nurdyansyah
creator: Nunuk Pujiati
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Nurdyansyah Nurdyansyah, Nunuk Pujiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-06-09
publication date: 2023-06-09
starting page: 32
ending page: 44
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i01.25

Eksplorasi media Balok Dienes dalam mengakomodasi keberagaman siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika di sekolah dasar
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description: This study aims to describe the use of Dienes beam media for third grade students who have problems in learning mathematics, namely students are less active and less enthusiastic in participating in the learning process. The results of this study are (1) Planning for learning mathematics using The Dienes block media (2) The process of using The Dienes block media in learning mathematics with the concept of addition and subtraction for class III students of SD Negeri Glagah. This research was conducted at SD Negeri Glagah Yogyakarta starting on January 20 2023 until February 28 2023. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The primary data were in the form of interviews and observations obtained from the results of interviews with teachers and third grade students, while the secondary data in this study were the results of student research documentation. Researchers in analyzing data used an interactive model from Miles and Huberman which was divided into several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Checking the validity of the researcher's data uses triangulation and increases persistence.
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creator: Shintia Hafifah
creator: Trisniawati Trisniawati
creator: Abdul Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Shintia Hafifah, Trisniawati Trisniawati, Abdul Rahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-06-23
publication date: 2023-06-23
starting page: 45
ending page: 53
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i01.31

Pengaruh permainan Uno Card berbasis Matematika terhadap kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan 1-10 pada anak tunagrahita ringan kelas III SLB Bangun Putra Kasihan
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description: The math-based uno card game can be used in recognizing number symbols, because it is a fun activity and the material being taught is conveyed. Researchers are trying to use this math-based uno card game to improve their ability to recognize number symbols. This study aims to find out the math-based uno card game in the ability to recognize number symbols in class III mild mentally retarded children at Bangun Putra Kasihan SLB. The approach used in this study is quantitative, with experimental methods. The design used in this study is the pre-test-post test experimental design. Data collection techniques used tests and documentation, then the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that there was an effect of the math-based uno card game on the ability to recognize number symbols 1-10 in children with mild mental retardation. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the math-based uno card game is effective in increasing the ability to recognize number symbols 1-10.
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creator: Zanatika Syafitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Zanatika Syafitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-10-30
publication date: 2023-10-30
starting page: 54
ending page: 60
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i02.37

Peningkatan kapasitas guru SD di Kecamatan Bambanglipuro dalam akomodasi siswa berkebutuhan khusus
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description: This study aims to increase teachers' knowledge about (1) assessment of students with special needs; (2) choosing the right learning strategy for students with special needs; (3) compiling learning programs for students with special needs in schools providing inclusive education. This research is action research. The research subjects were 44 elementary school teachers in Cluster 01 UPT PP, Bambanglipuro District. Collection techniques are used with tests, observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was performed by descriptive analysis. The results showed an increase in three areas, namely: (1) teachers' knowledge in conducting assessments of children with special needs according to the characteristics of their needs, (2) teachers' knowledge in choosing learning strategies for children with special needs; (3) knowledge and compiling learning programs for children with special needs.
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creator: Ernisa Purwandari
creator: Suparno Suparno
creator: Nurdayati Praptiningrum
creator: Hermanto Hermanto
creator: Sari Rudiyati
creator: Ibnu Syamsi
creator: Haryanto Haryanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ernisa Purwandari, Suparno Suparno, Nurdayati Praptiningrum, Hermanto Hermanto, Sari Rudiyati, Ibnu Syamsi, Haryanto Haryanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-11-05
publication date: 2023-11-05
starting page: 61
ending page: 68
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i02.54

Implementasi program pendidikan inklusif bagi siswa tunagrahita di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Garut Jawa Barat
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description: Education and the administration of education must be managed well therefore increases the quality of students. One of the determining and supporting factors is the teacher. The role of teachers in elementary schools is really needed because elementary school students still need support from the environment in their learning process, especially students with special needs in inclusive elementary schools. This research aims to determine the implementation of the inclusive education program as well as school and teacher support activities for ABK students in inclusive education services and the obstacles they face. This research was conducted at three state elementary schools in the city of Garut. The subjects of this research were school principals, teachers and children with special needs. This research method uses qualitative methods through descriptive analysis techniques with case study studies using observation, interviews and document studies. The research results show that the mentally retarded students need special educational services which can develop their potential optimally. The curriculum and learning process need to be specifically designed to suit their needs. Inclusive education is a strategy in education where all students with special needs can receive the same educational services in regular schools. The inhibiting factor in this implementation are (1) the lack of teachers who have the competence to handle children with mentally retarded in elementary schools, (2) the lack of available facilities and infrastructure, and (3) the lack of coordination and communication that supports the implementation of inclusive schools.
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creator: Yanti Sam Amir
creator: Nurlita Cahyani
creator: Iqbal Permana
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Yanti Sam Amir, Nurlita Cahyani, Iqbal Permana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-07
publication date: 2023-12-07
starting page: 69
ending page: 76
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i02.44

Upaya Meningkatan Kapasitas Guru dalam Melakukan Asessmen di SLB Melalui Kegiatan Workshop
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description: Increasing teacher capacity in carrying out assessments is crucial in special education units. Class teachers in special schools need to have the skills and courage to carry out informal assessments so that the learning program is appropriate to the students' conditions. This research aims to describe the implementation of increasing teacher capacity in conducting assessments in Special Schools. Data collection used a qualitative approach in the form of unstructured interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed by means of data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions (Miles & Hubberman). The validity of this research data was carried out by data triangulation, researcher diligence, and member checking. The results of this research reveal that the assessment workshop process can be carried out in a flip class with online sessions for conceptual material related to assessment, while offline sessions are for practice in preparing instruments and implementing assessments. Teacher capacity building activities are indeed important, but their implementation requires effective and efficient arrangements so that teachers are ready to receive the material. However, it is recognized that the assessment workshop can provide teachers with an understanding of how to make instruments. The description of the implementation of the assessment workshop in this research can be used as a reference for managers of other special education institutions by emphasizing attention to better management of the implementation of activities.
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creator: Ihsan Marvel Khoirullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ihsan Marvel Khoirullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-01-04
publication date: 2024-01-04
starting page: 77
ending page: 88
doi: 10.62385/literal.v1i02.73